电-气-热综合能源系统协同调度优化研究综述
Review on
Collaborative Scheduling Optimization of Electricity-gas-heat Integrated Energy
System
赵佩尧，李正烁，高晗，杨畅
1.山东大学，山东济南250061
2.国网南京供电公司，江苏南京210019
摘要(Abstract)：
在“双碳”目标驱动和大规模新能源接入电网的背景下，燃气机组、电转气、热电联产机组等耦合设备的灵活调节能 力被逐渐挖掘，这也使得电力、天然气、热力系统的耦合程度逐渐加深，传统的独立调度方式不再适用。实现电-气-热综 合能源系统的协同调度，是提高能源利用率和应对新能源不确定性的重要手段。首先分析了三类能源系统在优化调度 研究中常用的能流模型及耦合设备建模，然后从电-气-热综合能源系统应对新能源不确定性方法、耦合系统建模、优化 求解算法和系统安全域四个方面阐述现有研究进展。最后，对目前电-气-热综合能源系统协同调度研究面临的关键问
题进行总结，并对后续综合能源系统协同调度的发展方向进行了展望。In the context of the
"dual carbon" targets and large-scale renewable energy integration，the
flexible adjustment capabilities of coupling devices such as gas-fired units，P2G，and
combined heat and power units are gradually being explored，
which have also enhanced the coupling of power systems，natural
gas systems，and district heating systems.
Therefore，the traditional independent
scheduling mode may not be applicable. The coordinated scheduling of integrated
electricity-gas-heat systems（IEGHS）is
an important means to improve energy utilization efficiency and respond to the
uncertainty of new energy.The commonly used energy
flow models and coupled device modeling for three types of energy systems in
optimization scheduling research are analyzed.The
current research progress is reviewed from the aspects of coping with renewable
energy uncertainty， model of coupling
system，optimization solution algorithm
and security region of IEGHS. Finally，the challenges of the
current IEGHS studies are summarized，and an outlook on the
direction of subsequent research is given.
关键词(KeyWords)：综合能源系统；燃气机组；热电联产；协同调度
integrated
energy system；gas-fired unit；heat
and power cogeneration；collaborative scheduling
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金项目（52377107）
National Natural Science Foundation of China（52377107）
作者(Author): 赵佩尧，李正烁，高晗，杨畅
ZHAO Peiyao ，LI Zhengshuo，GAO
Han，YANG
Chang
DOI: 10.20097/j.cnki.issn1007-9904.2024.04.001
收稿日期(Received): 2023-11-17; 修回日期(Revised): 2024-01-20
参考文献(References)：
[1]国家能源局.国家能源局发布2022年全国电力工业统计数据[EB/OL].(2023-01-18)[2023-11-12].https://www.nea.gov.cn/2023-01/18-c_1310691509.htm.
[2]王静，徐箭，廖思阳，等，计及新能源出力不确定性的电气综合能源系统协同优化[J].电力系统自动化，2019,43(15):2-9.
WANG Jing,XU
Jian,LIAO Siyang,et al.Coordinated optimization of integrated electricity-gas
energy system considering uncertainty of renewable energy output[J].Automation
of Electric Power Systems,2019,43(15):2-9.
[3]舒印彪，陈国平，贺静波，等.构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统框架研究[J].中国工程科学，2021,23(6):61-69.
SHU Yinbiao,CHEN
Guoping,HE Jingbo,et al.Building a new electric power system based on new energy
sources[J].Strategic Study of CAE,2021,23(6):61-69.
[4]李杨，刘伟佳，文福拴，等.电转气设备与燃气机组的联合竞价策略[J].电力系统自动化，2017,41(1):9-17.
LI Yang,LIU
Weijia,WEN Fushuan,et al.Combined bidding strategies between power-to-gas
facilities and natural gas generating units[J].Automation of Electric Power
Systems,2017,41(1):9-17.
[5]MIRZAEI M A,SADEGHI-YAZDANKHAH A,MOHAMMADI-IVATLOO B,et
al.Integration of emerging resources in IGDT-based
robust scheduling of combined power and natural gas systems considering
flexible ramping products[J].Energy,2019,189:116195.
[6]ROALD L A,SUNDAR K,ZLOTNIK A,et al.An uncertainty management framework for integrated
gas-electric energy systems[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,2020,108(9):1518-1540.
[7]姜涛，许真，张劲松，等.考虑源-储协同优化的区域综合能源系统经济调度[J].浙江电力，2022,41(2):20-28.
JIANG Tao,XU
Zhen,ZHANG Jinsong,et al.Economic dispatch of regional integrated energy system
considering source-storage collaborative optimization[J].Zhejiang Electric
Power,2022,41(2):20-28.
[8]窦飞，刘国静，吴垠，等.考虑需求不确定性的电网综合能源配置优化研究[J].电网与清洁能源，2022,38(3):55-60.
DOU Fei,LIU
Guojing,WU Yin,et al.A study on comprehensive energy allocation optimization
of power grid considering demand uncertainty[J].Power System and Clean
Energy,2022,38(3):55-60.
[9]徐宪东，贾宏杰，靳小龙，等.区域综合能源系统电/气/热混合潮流算法研究[J].中国电机工程学报，2015,35(14):3634-3642.
XU Xiandong,JIA
Hongjie,JIN Xiaolong,et al.Study on hybrid heat-gas-power flow algorithm for
integrated community energy system[J].Proceedings of the
CSEE,2015,35(14):3634-3642.
[10]CHEN B B,GUO Q L,YIN G X,et al.Energy-circuit-based
integrated energy management system:theory,implementation,and
application[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,2022,110(12):1897-1926.
[11]JAT C K,DAVE J,VAN HERTEM D,et
al.Hybrid AC/DC OPFmodel
for unbalanced operation of bipolar HVDC grids[J].IEEETransactions
on Power Systems,2023,Early Access:1-11.
[12]YE H,ZHU J,CHEN J,et al.Quadratic
Taylor expansion-based approximate dynamic programming for fully decentralized
AC-OPF of multi-area power systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power
Systems,2022,38(5):4940-4949
[13]ZHANG S,GU W,ZHANG X P,et al.Dynamic
modeling and simulation of integrated electricity and gas systems[J].IEEETransactions on Smart Grid,2023,14(2):1011-1026.
[14]ZHANG S,GU W,ZHANG X,et al.Towards
fast and robust simulation in integrated electricity and gas system:a sequential united method[J].IEEE Transactions on
Power Systems,2023,Early Access:1-13.
[15]CHEN Y,GUO Q,SUN H,et al.Generalized
phasor modeling of dynamic gas flow for integrated
electricity-gas dispatch[J].Applied Energy,2021,283:116153.
[16]BAYANI R,MANSHADI S D.Natural
gas short-term operation problem with dynamics:a rank
minimization approach[J].IEEETransactions on Smart
Grid,2022,13(4):2761-2773.
[17]JIANG Y,REN Z,YANG X,et al.A
steady-state energy flow analysis method for integrated natural gas and power
systems based on topology decoupling[J].Applied Energy,2022,306:118007.
[18]ZHANG B,HU W,LI J,et al.Dynamic
energy conversion and management strategy for an integrated electricity and
natural gas system with renewable energy:deep
reinforcement learning approach[J].Energy Conversion and
Management,2020,220:113063.
[19]梅建春，卫志农，张勇，等.电-气互联综合能源系统多时间尺度动态优化调度[J].电力系统自动化，2018,42(13):36-42.
MEI Jianchun,WEI
Zhinong,ZHANG Yong,et al.Dynamic optimal dispatch with multiple time scale in
integrated power and gas energy systems[J].Automation of Electric Power
Systems,2018,42(13):36-42.
[20]杨修宇，孙健舒，刘玉娇，等.气网管存与电转气协调运行提升电-气互联系统灵活性的调度策略[J].电网技术，2023,47(1):236-247.
YANG Xiuyu,SUN
Jianshu,LIU Yujiao,et al.Scheduling strategy of coordinated operation of gas
network linepack and P2G for flexibility improvement
of integrated electricity-gas system[J].Power System
Technology,2023,47(1):236-247.
[21]吉兴全，刘健，张玉敏，等.计及运行灵活性约束的综合能源系统优化调度[J].电力系统自动化，2022,46(16):84-94.
JI Xingquan,LIU
Jian,ZHANG Yumin,et al.Optimal dispatching of integrated energy system
considering operation flexibility constraints[J].Automation of Electric Power
Systems,2022,46(16):84-94.
[22]ZHANG Y,LIU Y,SHU S,et al.A
data-driven distributionally robust optimization
model for multi-energy coupled system consideringthe
temporal-spatialcorrelationanddistributionuncertainty
of renewable energy sources[J].Energy,2021,216:119171.
[23]YAO S,GU W,LU S,et al.Dynamic
optimal energy flow in the heat and electricity integrated energy
system[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2020,12(1):179-190.
[24]DUQUETTE J,ROWE A,WILD P.Thermal performance of a
steady state physical pipe model for simulating district heating grids with
variable flow[J].Applied Energy,2016,178:383-393.
[25]DUAN J,YANG Y,LIU F.Distributed optimization of integrated
electricity-natural gas distribution networks considering wind power
uncertainties[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy
Systems,2022,135:107460.
[26]QIAO Z,GUO Q,SUN H,et al.An
interval gas flow analysis in natural gas and electricity coupled networks
considering the uncertainty of wind power[J].Applied Energy,2017,201:343-353.
[27]翟江，周孝信，李亚楼，等.综合能源系统天然气管道压力和流量的控制方案研究[J].中国电机工程学报，2022,42(11):3911-3924.
ZHAI Jiang,ZHOU
Xiaoxin,LI Yalou,et al.Research on control strategy of pressure and flow of
natural gas pipeline in integrated energy system[J].Proceedings of the
CSEE,2022,42(11):3911-3924.
[28]华文，董炜，阙凌燕，等.计及直流互联与电-气-热耦合的输配协同优化调度[J].浙江电力，2022,41(11):31-38.
HUA Wen,DONG
Wei,QUE Lingyan,et al.Collaborative optimal scheduling for coupled transmission
and distribution systems considering HVDC interconnection and
electricity-gas-heat coupling[J].Zhejiang Electric Power,2022,41(11):31-38.
[29]ZHANG M,WU Q,WEN J,et al.Optimal
operation of integrated electricity and heat system:a
review of modeling and solution methods[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Reviews,2021,135:110098.
[30]ZHAO T,ZHENG Y,LI G.Integrated unit commitment
and economic dispatch of combined heat and power system considering heat-power
decoupling retrofit of CHP unit[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy Systems,2022,143:108498.
[31]TAN J,WU Q,HU Q,et al.Adaptive
robust energy and reserve cooptimization of
integrated electricity and heating system considering wind
uncertainty[J].Applied Energy,2020,260:114230.
[32]XIN Y L,ZHAO T,CHEN X,et al.Heat
current method-based real-time coordination of power and heat generation of
multi-CHPunits with flexibility
retrofits[J].Energy,2022,252:124018.
[33]李昊泉，袁乐，徐懂理，等.基于生命周期理论的区域综合能源系统-配电网博弈优化调度[J/OL].电力系统及其自动化学报：1-10[2023-11-12].https://doi.org/10.19635/j.cnki.csuepsa.001349.
LI Haoquan,YUAN
Le,XU Dongli,et al.Game optimization scheduling of regional integrated
energy system-distribution network based on life cycle theory[J/OL].Proceedings
of the CSU-EPSA:1-10[2023-11-12].https://doi.org/10.19635/j.cnki.csuepsa.001349.
[34]ZHANG Y,GE Z,YANG Y,et al.Carbon
reduction and flexibility enhancement of the CHP-based cascade heating system
with integrated electric heat pump[J].Energy Conversion and
Management,2023,280:116801.
[35]YANG C,LI Z.Distributed conditional-distributionally robust coordination for an electrical
power and flexibility-enhanced district heating system[J].Applied
Energy,2023,347:121491.
[36]范高锋，裴哲义，辛耀中.风电功率预测的发展现状与展望[J].中国电力，2011,44(6):38-41.
FAN Gaofeng,PEI
Zheyi,XIN Yaozhong,Wind
power prediction achievement and prospect[J].Electric Power,2011,44(6):38-41.
[37]LI L,LI Y,ZHOU B,et al.An
adaptive time-resolution method for ultra-short-term wind power
prediction[J].International Journal of Electrical Power&Energy
Systems,2020,118:105814.
[38]LI Y,ZOU Y,TAN Y,et al.Optimal
stochastic operation of integrated low-carbon electric power,natural
gas,and heat delivery system[J].IEEE Transactions on
Sustainable Energy,2018,9(1):273-283.
[39]贺帅佳，阮贺彬，高红均，等.分布鲁棒优化方法在电力系统中的理论分析与应用综述[J].电力系统自动化，2020,44(14):179-191.
HE Shuaijia,RUAN
Hebin,GAO Hongjun,et al.Overview on theory analysis and application of distributionally robust optimization method in power
system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2020,44(14):179-191.
[40]HE C,WU L,LIU T Q,et al.Co-optimization
scheduling of interdependent power and gas systems with electricity and gas
uncertainties[J].Energy,2018,159:1003-1015.
[41]RAHIMIAN H,MEHROTRA S.Frameworks and results in distributionally robust optimization[J].Open Journal of
Mathematical Optimization,2022,3(4):1-85.
[42]ZHANG Y C,LE J,ZHENG F,et al.Two-stage
distributionally robust coordinated scheduling for
gas-electricity integrated energy system considering wind power uncertainty and
reserve capacity configuration[J].Renewable Energy,2019,135:122-135.
[43]周浩洁，吴任博，马云飞，等.考虑风电不确定性的电-气能源系统数据驱动鲁棒优化调度[J].电网技术，2020,44(10):3752-3761.
ZHOU Haojie,WU
Renbo,MA Yunfei,et al.A data-driven robust unit commitment model of integrated
electricity and gas system considering wind power uncertainty[J].Power System
Technology,2020,44(10):3752-3761.
[44]KUHN D,ESFAHANI P M,NGUYEN V A,et al.Wasserstein distributionally
robust optimization:theory and applications in
machine learning[C] //Operations Research&Management
Science in the Age of Analytics.Informs,2019:130-166.
[45]卫志农，梅建春，孙国强，等.电-气互联综合能源系统多时段暂态能量流仿真[J].电力自动化设备，2017,37(6):41-47.
WEI Zhinong,MEI
Jianchun,SUN Guoqiang,et al.Multi-period transient energy-flow simulation of
integrated power and gas energy system[J].Electric Power Automation
Equipment,2017,37(6):41-47.
[46]王鹏，童睿康，蒋若兰，等.天然气管道瞬态仿真研究综述[J].科学技术与工程，2021,21(17):6959-6970.
WANG Peng,TONG
Ruikang,JIANG Ruolan,et al.Review on transient simulation of natural gas
pipeline[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2021,21(17):6959-6970.
[47]PAMBOUR K A,BOLADO-LAVIN R,DIJKEMA G P J.An
integrated transient model for simulating the operation of natural gas
transport systems[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and
Engineering,2016,28:672-690.
[48]ZHU H X,YU T,CHEN Z H,et al.Distributed
optimal dispatching of interconnected electricity-gas-heating system[J].IEEE
Access,2020,8:93309-93321.
[49]ZHAI J,ZHOU X,LI Y.Reliability analysis of
power-gas integrated energy system based on dynamic
simulation[J].IEEEAccess,2021,9:65855-65870.
[50]欧阳自强，韩鹏飞，严正，等.计及双向耦合的气-电综合能源系统全动态多速率联合仿真算法研究[J].中国电机工程学报，2022,42(17):6170-6184.
OUYANG Ziqiang,HAN
Pengfei,YAN Zheng,et al.Research on complete dynamic multi-rate co-simulation
algorithm of integrated electric-gas energy system with two-way
coupling[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2022,42(17):6170-6184.
[51]LI Z G,WU W C,SHAHIDEHPOUR M,et al.Combined heat and power dispatch considering pipeline
energy storage of district heating network[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable
Energy,2015,7(1):12-22.
[52]陈彬彬，孙宏斌，尹冠雄，等.综合能源系统分析的统一能路理论（二）：水路与热路[J].中国电机工程学报，2020,40(7):2133-2142.
CHEN Binbin,SUN
Hongbin,YIN Guanxiong,et al.Energy circuit theory of integrated energy system
analysis(II):hydraulic circuit and thermal circuit[J].Proceedings of the
CSEE,2020,40(7):2133-2142.
[53]陈彬彬，孙宏斌，陈瑜玮，等.综合能源系统分析的统一能路理论（一）：气路[J].中国电机工程学报，2020,40(2):436-444.
CHEN Binbin,SUN
Hongbin,CHEN Yuwei,et al.Energy circuit theory of integrated energy system
analysis(I):gaseous circuit.Proceedings of the
CSEE,2020,40(2):436-444.
[54]ZHAO P Y,LI Z S.A comparative analysis of methods for solving partial
differential equation of gas pipelines[C]//The 6th IEEEConference
on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration(EI2).IEEE,2022.
[55]WEN Y F,QU X B,LI W Y,et al.Synergistic
operation of electricity and natural gas networks via ADMM[J].IEEETransactions on Smart Grid,2017,9(5):4555-4565.
[56]崔星灿，禹晓辉，刘洋，等.分布式流处理技术综述[J].计算机研究与发展，2015,52(2):318-332.
CUI Xingcan,YU
Xiaohui,LIU Yang,et al.Distributed stream processing:a
survey[J].Journal of Computer Research and Development,2015,52(2):318-332.
[57]HUANG J,LI Z,WU Q H.Coordinated dispatch of
electric power and district heating networks:a
decentralized solution using optimality condition decomposition[J].Applied
Energy,2017,206:1508-1522.
[58]YAN M Y,HE Y B,SHAHIDEHPOUR M,et al.Coordinated regional-district operation of integrated
energy systems for resilience enhancement in natural disasters[J].IEEE
Transactions on Smart Grid,2018,10(5):4881-4892.
[59]LIANG X Y,LI Z G,HUANG W J,et al.Relaxed
alternating direction method of multipliers for hedging communication packet
loss in integrated electrical and heating system[J].Journal of Modern Power
Systems and Clean Energy,2020,8(5):72-81.
[60]陈健，张维桐，林达，等.基于改进交替方向乘子法的电-气-热系统分布式优化调度[J].电力系统自动化，2019,43(7):50-58.
CHEN Jian,ZHANG
Weitong,LIN Da,et al.Distributed optimal dispatch of integrated
electricity-gas-heating system based on improved alternative direction
multiplier method[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2019,43(7):50-58.
[61]ZHANG C,AHMAD M,WANG Y.ADMM based privacypreserving
decentralized optimization[J].IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and
Security,2018,14(3):565-580.
[62]ZHAO C,ZHAO S N,ZHAO M H,et al.Secure
multi-party computation:theory,practice and
applications[J].Information Sciences,2019,476:357-372.
[63]LU Y,ZHU M.Privacy preserving distributed
optimization using homomorphic
encryption[J].Automatica,2018,96:314-325.
[64]TIAN N F,GUO Q L,SUN H B,et al.Fully
privacy-preserving distributed optimization in power systems based on secret
sharing[J].Energy,2022,1(3):351-362.
[65]HUO X,LIU M.Privacy-preserving distributed
multi-agent cooperative optimization-paradigm design and privacy
analysis[J].IEEE Control Systems Letters,2021,6:824-829.
[66]杜蕙，林涛，李轻言，等.电力-天然气互联系统协同安全机制：现状，问题与挑战[J].电网技术，2022,46(10):3764-3777.
DU Hui,LIN
Tao,LI Qingyan,et al.Coordinated security mechanism for electric-gas
interconnect systems:status,problems,and
challenges[J].Power System Technology,2022,46(10):3764-3777.
[67]SONG C H,XIAO J,ZU G Q,et al.Security
region of natural gas pipeline network system:concept,method
and application[J].Energy,2021,217:119283.
[68]JIANG T,ZHANG R F,LI X,et al.Integrated
energy system security region:concepts,methods,and
implementations[J].Applied Energy,2021,283:116124.
[69]余贻鑫.电力系统安全域[M].北京：中国电力出版社，2014.
[70]CHEN S,WEI Z N,SUN G Q,et al.Steady-state
security regions of electricity-gas integrated energy systems[C]//2016 IEEE
Power and Energy Society General Meeting(PESGM).IEEE,2016:1-5.
[71]CHEN S,WEI Z N,SUN G Q,et al.Convex
hull based robust security region for electricity-gas integrated energy
systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2018,34(3):1740-1748.
[72]SU J,CHIANG H D,ZENG Y,et al.Toward
complete characterization of the steady-state security region for the
electricity-gas integrated energy system[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart
Grid,2021,12(4):3004-3015.
[73]LIU L,WANG D,HOU K,et al.Region
model and application of regional integrated energy system security
analysis[J].Applied Energy,2020,260:114268.
[74]WANG S,WU W,LIN C,et al.A
dynamic equivalent energy storage model of natural gas networks for joint
optimal dispatch of electricity-gas systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable
Energy,2023,Early Access:1-12.
[75]陈韦韬，王小君，许寅，等.基于供热系统鲁棒运行可行域投影的电热能源系统协调决策[J].电力系统自动化，2023,47(13):121-129.
CHEN Weitao,WANG Xiaojun,XU
Yin,et al.Coordinated decision making of electric and thermal energy system
based on feasible region projection for robust operation of thermal
system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2023,47(13):121-129.
[76]TAN Z,YAN Z,ZHONG H,et al.Non-iterative
solution for coordinated optimal dispatch via equivalent projection-Part II:method and applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Power
Systems,2023,Early Access:1-10.
[77]WANG S,WU W.Aggregate
flexibility of virtual power plants with temporal coupling constraints[J].IEEE
Transactions on Smart Grid,2021,12(6):5043-5051.
[78]CHEN X,LI N.Leveraging
two-stage adaptive robust optimization for power flexibility
aggregation[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2021,12(5):3954-3965.