局部配水对高位收水冷却塔防冻节能特性影响的数值研究

Numerical Study on the Effect of Local Water Distribution on the Anti-freezing and Energy-saving Characteristics of High Cooling Tower
杨利，李旋，李禹江，韩强，张智慧，赵元宾^*
YANG Li，LI Xuan，LI Yujiang，HAN Qiang，ZHANG Zhihui，ZHAO Yuanbin^*
1.国能平罗发电有限公司，宁夏石嘴山753400
2.山东电力工程咨询院有限公司，山东济南250013
3.济南蓝辰能源技术有限公司，山东济南250101
4.山东大学核科学与能源动力学院，山东济南250061

摘要(Abstract)：

为提高冬季低负荷工况下自然通风高位收水冷却塔（以下简称高位塔）的防冻节能特性，以我国某两机一塔高位塔为原型，提出六区域单独可控的局部配水方案，建立适用于高位塔局部配水的三维数值计算模型，探究不同局部配水方式对高位塔水温分布特征与迎风侧进风口空气流速的影响，并结合环境温度、风速，分析局部配水下高位塔冬季运行的防冻节能特性。结果表明：局部配水可显著提高高位塔防冻特性，并减小填料底部水温偏差，当高位塔的局部配水方式由外圈配水变为1/2外圈配水、1/4外圈配水，填料底部最低水温从-2.93℃逐渐升高至6.83℃、10.85℃，平均水温与最低水温之间偏差始终为2℃左右；在局部配水尤其是1/4外圈配水下，迅速升高的配水区最低水温有利于高位塔冬季工况下迎风侧防冻的灵活调控。当环境温度从0依次降低至-5℃、-10℃，填料底部平均水温依次降低3.47℃、4.44℃。环境侧风会增大填料底部水温偏差，使得高位塔防冻性能变差。当环境风速从0增大至5 m/s、10 m/s，填料底部最低水温依次降低2.81℃、2.42℃。5 m/s以上大风速下，平均水温与最低水温之间偏差增大至8℃以上。In order to improve the antifreeze and energy-saving characteristics of high level water collecting natural draft wet cooling tower under low load conditions in winter，a six-region individually controllable local water distribution scheme is proposed based on a“two-machine-one-tower”high cooling tower in China.A three-dimensional numerical calculation model is established，which is applied to the local water distribution of the high cooling towe.The effects of different local water distribution methods on the water temperature distribution and the air flow velocity of the air inlet on the windward side of the high cooling tower are investigated.Combined with the ambient temperature and the wind speed，the anti-freezing and energy-saving characteristics of the high cooling tower operating in winter under local water distribution are analyzed.The results show that：The implementation of local water distribution can markedly enhance the antifreeze characteristics of the high cooling tower，and reduce the deviation of water temperature at the bottom of the fill.The local water distribution method of the high cooling tower is changed from outer ring to 1/2 and 1/4 outer ring water distribution，and the minimum water temperature at the bottom of the filler gradually increased from-2.93 ℃ to 6.83 ℃ and 10.85 ℃，and the deviation between the average and minimum water temperature is always about 2 ℃；under the local water distribution，especially under 1/4 outer ring water distribution，the rapidly increasing minimum water temperature in the distribution area is beneficial to flexible control of anti-freezing on the windward side of the high cooling tower under winter conditions.As the ambient temperature decreased from 0 to -5 ℃ and-10 ℃ in turn，the average water temperature at the bottom of the filler decreased by 3.47 ℃ and 4.44 ℃ in turn. Affected by the environmental crosswind，the water temperature deviation at the bottom of the filler is increased，and the anti-freezing performance of the high cooling tower is deteriorated：As the ambient wind speed increased from 0 to 5 m/s and 10 m/s， the minimum water temperature at the bottom of the fill is reduced by 2.81 ℃ and 2.42 ℃ in turn；under the wind speed of more than 5 m/s，the deviation between the average and minimum water temperature is increased to more than 8℃.

关键词(KeyWords)：高位收水冷却塔；局部配水；防冻；节能；数值模拟
high level water collecting cooling tower；local water distribution；anti-freezing；energy-saving；numerical simulation

基金项目(Foundation): 山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程项目（2022TSGC1026）
Shandong Province Science and Technology Small and Medium-sized Enterprise Innovation Ability Promotion Project（2022TSGC1026）

作者(Author): 杨利，李旋，李禹江，韩强，张智慧，赵元宾^*
YANG Li，LI Xuan，LI Yujiang，HAN Qiang，ZHANG Zhihui，ZHAO Yuanbin^*

DOI: 10.20097/j.cnki.issn1007-9904.2025.03.010

收稿日期(Received): 2024-09-29; 修回日期(Revised): 2024-11-15

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